Evaṃ me sutaṃ:

Thus have I heard:

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

On one occasion, the Bhagavā was staying among the Kurus at Kammāsadhamma, a market town of the Kurus. There, he addressed the bhikkhus:

– Bhikkhavo ti.

– Bhaddante ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etad-avoca:

– Bhikkhus.

– Bhaddante answered the bhikkhus. The Bhagavā said:

– Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, soka-paridevānaṃ samatikkamāya, dukkha-domanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.

– This, bhikkhus, is the path that leads to nothing but the purification of beings, the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance of dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of Nibbāna, that is to say the four satipaṭṭhānas.

Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ. Citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ. Dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ.

Which four? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing dhamma·s in dhamma·s, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.

Katha·ñ·ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arañña-gato vā rukkha-mūla-gato vā suññ·āgāra-gato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So sato·va assasati, sato·va passasati. Dīghaṃ vā assasanto 'dīghaṃ assasāmī' ti pajānāti; dīghaṃ vā passasanto 'dīghaṃ passasāmī' ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā assasanto 'rassaṃ assasāmī' ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā passasanto 'rassaṃ passasāmī' ti pajānāti; 'sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī' ti sikkhati; 'sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī' ti sikkhati; 'passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī' ti sikkhati; 'passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī' ti sikkhati.

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing kāya in kāya? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having gone to the forest or having gone at the root of a tree or having gone to an empty room, sits down folding the legs crosswise, setting kāya upright, and setting sati parimukhaṃ. Being thus sato he breathes in, being thus sato he breathes out. Breathing in long he understands: 'I am breathing in long'; breathing out long he understands: 'I am breathing out long'; breathing in short he understands: 'I am breathing in short'; breathing out short he understands: 'I am breathing out short'; he trains himself: 'feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe in'; he trains himself: 'feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe out'; he trains himself: 'calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in'; he trains himself: 'calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out'.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakār·antevāsī vā dīghaṃ vā añchanto 'dīghaṃ añchāmī' ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā añchanto 'rassaṃ añchāmī' ti pajānāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ vā assasanto 'dīghaṃ assasāmī' ti pajānāti; dīghaṃ vā passasanto 'dīghaṃ passasāmī' ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā assasanto 'rassaṃ assasāmī' ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā passasanto 'rassaṃ passasāmī' ti pajānāti; 'sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī' ti sikkhati; 'sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī' ti sikkhati; 'passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī' ti sikkhati; 'passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī' ti sikkhati.

Just as, bhikkhus, a skillful turner or a turner's apprentice, making a long turn, understands: 'I am making a long turn'; making a short turn, he understands: 'I am making a short turn'; in the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: 'I am breathing in long'; breathing out long he understands: 'I am breathing out long'; breathing in short he understands: 'I am breathing in short'; breathing out short he understands: 'I am breathing out short'; he trains himself: 'feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe in'; he trains himself: 'feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe out'; he trains himself: 'calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in'; he trains himself: 'calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out'.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā ‘gacchāmī’ ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ‘ṭhitomhī’ ti pajānāti, nisinno vā ‘nisinnomhī’ ti pajānāti, sayāno vā ‘sayānomhī’ ti pajānāti. Yathā yathā vā pan·assa kāyo paṇihito hoti, tathā tathā naṃ pajānāti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while walking, understands: 'I am walking', or while standing he understands: 'I am standing', or while sitting he understands: 'I am sitting', or while lying down he understands: 'I am lying down'. Or else, in whichever position his kāya is disposed, he understands it accordingly.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭi-patta-cīvara-dhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccāra-passāva-kamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while approaching and while departing, acts with sampajañña, while looking ahead and while looking around, he acts with sampajañña, while bending and while stretching, he acts with sampajañña, while wearing the robes and the upper robe and while carrying the bowl, he acts with sampajañña, while eating, while drinking, while chewing, while tasting, he acts with sampajañña, while attending to the business of defecating and urinating, he acts with sampajañña, while walking, while standing, while sitting, while sleeping, while being awake, while talking and while being silent, he acts with sampajañña.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesa·matthakā, taca·pariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the soles of the feet up and from the hair on the head down, which is delimited by its skin and full of various kinds of impurities: "In this kāya, there are the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and urine."

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṃ sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ tilānaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘Ime sālī ime vīhī, ime muggā, ime māsā, ime tilā, ime taṇḍulā’ ti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesa·matthakā, taca·pariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ’ ti.

Just as if, bhikkhus, there was a bag having two openings and filled with various kinds of grain, such as hill-paddy, paddy, mung beans, cow-peas, sesame seeds and husked rice. A man with good eyesight, having unfastened it, would consider [its contents]: "This is hill-paddy, this is paddy, those are mung beans, those are cow-peas, those are sesame seeds and this is husked rice;" in the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the soles of the feet up and from the hair on the head down, which is delimited by its skin and full of various kinds of impurities: "In this kāya, there are the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and urine."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ yathā·ṭhitaṃ yathā·paṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavī·dhātu āpo·dhātū tejo·dhātū vāyo·dhātū’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed, however it is disposed as consisting of elements: "In this kāya, there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element and the air element."

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātak·antevāsī vā gāviṃ vadhitvā catu·mahā·pathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ yathā·ṭhitaṃ yathā·paṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavī·dhātu āpo·dhātū tejo·dhātū vāyo·dhātū’ ti.

Just as, bhikkhus, a skillful butcher or a butcher's apprentice, having killed a cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it into pieces; in the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed, however it is disposed: "In this kāya, there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element and the air element."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāha·mataṃ vā dvīha·mataṃ vā tīha·mataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbaka·jātaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, one day dead, or two days dead or three days dead, swollen, bluish and festering, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ kākehi vā khajjamānaṃ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṃ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṃ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṃ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṃ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṃ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṃ siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṃ vividhehi vā pāṇaka·jātehi khajjamānaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, being eaten by crows, being eaten by hawks, being eaten by vultures, being eaten by herons, being eaten by dogs, being eaten by tigers, being eaten by panthers, being eaten by various kinds of beings, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhika·saṅkhalikaṃ sa·maṃsa·lohitaṃ nhāru·sambandhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, a squeleton with flesh and blood, held together by tendons, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhika·saṅkhalikaṃ ni·maṃsa·lohita·makkhitaṃ nhāru·sambandhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, a squeleton without flesh and smeared with blood, held together by tendons, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhika·saṅkhalikaṃ apagata·maṃsa·lohitaṃ nhāru·sambandhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, a squeleton without flesh nor blood, held together by tendons, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni apagata·sambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatth·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena pād·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena gopphak·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena jaṅgh·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena ūru·ṭṭhikaṃ aññena kaṭi·ṭṭhikaṃ aññena phāsuk·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭh·iṭṭhikaṃ aññena khandh·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena gīv·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena hanuk·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena dant·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, disconnected bones scattered here and there, here a hand bone, there a foot bone, here an ankle bone, there a shin bone, here a thigh bone, there a hip bone, here a rib, there a back bone, here a spine bone, there a neck bone, here a jaw bone, there a tooth bone, or there the skull, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkha·vaṇṇa·paṭibhāgāni, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, the bones whitened like a seashell, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni puñja·kitāni terovassikāni, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, heaped up bones over a year old, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇaka·jātāni, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atīto’ ti.

Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, rotten bones reduced to powder, he considers this very kāya: "This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] "this is kāya!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing vedanā in vedanā?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti; dukkhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti; a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ vā a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṃ a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṃ a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’ ti pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, experiencing a sukha vedanā, undersands: "I am experiencing a sukha vedanā"; experiencing a dukkha vedanā, undersands: "I am experiencing a dukkha vedanā"; experiencing an adukkham-asukhā vedanā, undersands: "I am experiencing a adukkham-asukhā vedanā"; experiencing a sukha vedanā sāmisa, undersands: "I am experiencing a sukha vedanā sāmisa"; experiencing a sukha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: "I am experiencing a sukha vedanā nirāmisa"; experiencing a dukkha vedanā sāmisa, undersands: "I am experiencing a dukkha vedanā sāmisa"; experiencing a dukkha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: "I am experiencing a dukkha vedanā nirāmisa"; experiencing an adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa, undersands: "I am experiencing a adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa"; experiencing an adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: "I am experiencing a adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisa".

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati; ‘atthi vedanā’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā internally, or he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā externally, or he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in vedanā, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in vedanā, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in vedanā; or else, [realizing:] "this is vedanā!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing vedanā in vedanā.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing citta in citta?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sa·rāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sa·rāgaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, vīta·rāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vīta·rāgaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, sa·dosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sa·dosaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, vīta·dosaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vīta·dosaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, sa·mohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sa·mohaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, vīta·mohaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vīta·mohaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, saṅkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘saṅkhittaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vikkhittaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘mahaggataṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, a·mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ ‘a·mahaggataṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, sa·uttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sa·uttaraṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, an·uttaraṃ vā cittaṃ ‘an·uttaraṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘samāhitaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, a·samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘a·samāhitaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘vimuttaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti, a·vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘a·vimuttaṃ cittaṃ’ ti pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands citta with rāga as "citta with rāga", or he understands citta without rāga as "citta without rāga", or he understands citta with dosa as "citta with dosa", or he understands citta without dosa as "citta without dosa", or he understands citta with moha as "citta with moha", or he understands citta without moha as "citta without moha", or he understands a collected citta as "a collected citta", or he understands a scattered citta as "a scattered citta", or he understands an expanded citta as "an expanded citta", or he understands an unexpanded citta as "an unexpanded citta", or he understands a surpassable citta as "a surpassable citta", or he understands an unsurpassable citta as "an unsurpassable citta", or he understands a settled citta as "a settled citta", or he understands an unsettled citta as "an unsettled citta", or he understands a liberated citta as "a liberated citta", or he understands an unliberated citta as "an unliberated citta".

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā citte cittānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi cittaṃ’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing citta in citta internally, or he dwells observing citta in citta externally, or he dwells observing citta in citta internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in citta, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in citta, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in citta; or else, [realizing:] "this is citta!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing citta in citta.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu nīvaraṇesu. Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu nīvaraṇesu?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the five nīvaraṇas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the five nīvaraṇas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being kāmacchanda present within, understands: "there is kāmacchanda within me"; there not being kāmacchanda present within, he understands: "there is no kāmacchanda within me"; he understands how the unarisen kāmacchanda comes to arise; he understands how the arisen kāmacchanda is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned kāmacchanda does not come to arise in the future.

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being byāpāda present within, understands: "there is byāpāda within me"; there not being byāpāda present within, he understands: "there is no byāpāda within me"; he understands how the unarisen byāpāda comes to arise; he understands how the arisen byāpāda is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned byāpāda does not come to arise in the future.

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa thinamiddhassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa thinamiddhassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being thīnamiddhā present within, understands: "there is thīnamiddhā within me"; there not being thīnamiddhā present within, he understands: "there is no thīnamiddhā within me"; he understands how the unarisen thīnamiddhā comes to arise; he understands how the arisen thīnamiddhā is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned thīnamiddhā does not come to arise in the future.

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa uddhacca-kukkuccassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa uddhacca-kukkuccassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa uddhacca-kukkuccassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being uddhacca-kukkucca present within, understands: "there is uddhacca-kukkucca within me"; there not being uddhacca-kukkucca present within, he understands: "there is no uddhacca-kukkucca within me"; he understands how the unarisen uddhacca-kukkucca comes to arise; he understands how the arisen uddhacca-kukkucca is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned uddhacca-kukkucca does not come to arise in the future.

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being vicikicchā present within, understands: "there is vicikicchā within me"; there not being vicikicchā present within, he understands: "there is no vicikicchā within me"; he understands how the unarisen vicikicchā comes to arise; he understands how the arisen vicikicchā is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned vicikicchā does not come to arise in the future.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati; ‘atthi dhammā’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.

Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] "these are dhammas!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the five nīvaraṇas.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu. Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu cittānupassī viharati, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the five khandhas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the five khandhas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu, ‘iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā, iti vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo, iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo, iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ ti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu [discerns]: "such is rūpa, such is the samudaya of rūpa, such is the passing away of rūpa; such is vedanā, such is the samudaya of vedanā, such is the passing away of vedanā; such is saññā, such is the samudaya of saññā, such is the passing away of saññā; such is saṅkhāra, such is the samudaya of saṅkhāra, such is the passing away of saṅkhāra; such is viññāṇa, such is the samudaya of viññāṇa, such is the passing away of viññāṇa".

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati; ‘atthi dhammā’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.

Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] "these are dhammas!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the five khandhas.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, chasu ajjhattika·bāhiresu āyatanesu. Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu cittānupassī viharati, chasu ajjhattika·bāhiresu āyatanesu?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the six internal and external āyatanas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the six internal and external āyatanas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ ca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tad·ubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca an·uppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands cakkhu, he understands rūpa, he understands the saṃyojana which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen saṃyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saṃyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saṃyojana does not come to arise in the future.

Sotaṃ ca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tad·ubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca an·uppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands sota, he understands sadda, he understands the saṃyojana which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen saṃyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saṃyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saṃyojana does not come to arise in the future.

Ghānaṃ ca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tad·ubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca an·uppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands ghāna, he understands gandha, he understands the saṃyojana which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen saṃyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saṃyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saṃyojana does not come to arise in the future.

Jivhaṃ ca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tad·ubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca an·uppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands jivha, he understands rasa, he understands the saṃyojana which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen saṃyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saṃyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saṃyojana does not come to arise in the future.

Kāyaṃ ca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tad·ubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca an·uppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands kāya, he understands phoṭṭhabba, he understands the saṃyojana which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen saṃyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saṃyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saṃyojana does not come to arise in the future.

Manaṃ ca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tad·ubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca an·uppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands mana, he understands dhammas, he understands the saṃyojana which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen saṃyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saṃyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saṃyojana does not come to arise in the future.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati; ‘atthi dhammā’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, chasu ajjhattika·bāhiresu āyatanesu.

Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] "these are dhammas!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the six internal and external āyatanas.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, sattasu bojjhaṅgesu. Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu cittānupassī viharati, sattasu bojjhaṅgesu?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the seven bojjhaṅgas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the seven bojjhaṅgas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ sati·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ sati·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ sati·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ sati·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa sati·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa sati·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being the sati sambojjhaṅga present within, understands: "there is the sati sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the sati sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no sati sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen sati sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen sati sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicaya·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicaya·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicaya·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicaya·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa dhammavicaya·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicaya·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

There being the dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is the dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriya·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriya·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriya·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriya·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa vīriya·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa vīriya·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

There being the vīriya sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is the vīriya sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the vīriya sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no vīriya sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen vīriya sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen vīriya sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pīti·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ pīti·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pīti·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ pīti·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa pīti·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa pīti·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

There being the pīti sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is the pīti sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the pīti sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no pīti sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen pīti sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen pīti sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhi·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhi·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhi·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhi·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa passaddhi·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa passaddhi·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

There being the passaddhi sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is the passaddhi sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the passaddhi sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no passaddhi sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen passaddhi sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen passaddhi sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhi·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhi·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhi·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhi·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa samādhi·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa samādhi·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

There being the samādhi sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is the samādhi sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the samādhi sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no samādhi sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen samādhi sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen samādhi sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhā·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhā·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhā·sambojjhaṅgaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhā·sambojjhaṅgo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa upekkhā·sambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa upekkhā·sambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

There being the upekkhā sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is the upekkhā sambojjhaṅga within me"; there not being the upekkhā sambojjhaṅga present within, he understands: "there is no upekkhā sambojjhaṅga within me"; he understands how the unarisen upekkhā sambojjhaṅga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen upekkhā sambojjhaṅga is developed to perfection.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati; ‘atthi dhammā’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.

Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] "these are dhammas!" sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the seven bojjhaṅgas.

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, catūsu ariyasaccesu. Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu cittānupassī viharati, catūsu ariyasaccesu?

And furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the four ariya·saccas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the four ariya·saccas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ’ ti yathā·bhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkha·samudayo’ ti yathā·bhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkha·nirodho’ ti yathā·bhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkha·nirodha·gāminī paṭipadā’ ti yathā·bhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariya·saccaṃ? Jāti-pi dukkhā, jarā-pi dukkhā (byādhi-pi dukkho) maraṇam-pi dukkhaṃ, soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·upāyāsā pi dukkhā, a·p·piyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ; saṅkhittena pañc·upādāna·k·khandhā dukkhā.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti is dukkha, aging is dukkha (sickness is dukkha) maraṇa is dukkha, sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and distress is dukkha, association with what is disliked is dukkha, dissociation from what is liked is dukkha, not to get what one wants is dukkha; in short, the five upādāna·k·khandhas are dukkha.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti nibbatti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.

And what, bhikkhus, is jāti? For the various beings in the various classes of beings, jāti, the birth, the descent [into the womb], the arising [in the world], the appearance, the apparition of the khandhas, the acquisition of the āyatanas. This, bhikkhus, is called jāti.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko: ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.

And what, bhikkhus, is jarā? For the various beings in the various classes of beings, jarā, the state of being decayed, of having broken [teeth], of having grey hair, of being wrinkled, the decline of vitality, the decay of the indriyas: this, bhikkhus, is called jarā.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.

And what, bhikkhus, is maraṇa? For the various beings in the various classes of beings, the decease, the state of shifting [out of existence], the break up, the disappearance, the death, maraṇa, the passing away, the break up of the khandhas, the laying down of the corpse: this, bhikkhus, is called maraṇa.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññatar·aññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññatar·aññatarena dukkha·dhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socita·ttaṃ anto·soko anto·parisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.

And what, bhikkhus, is sorrow? In one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas, the sorrrow, the mourning, the state of grief, the inner sorrow, the inner great sorrow: this, bhikkhus, is called sorrow.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññatar·aññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññatar·aññatarena dukkha·dhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.

And what, bhikkhus, is lamentation? In one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas, the cries, the lamentations, the weeping, the wailing, the state of crying, the state of lamentating: this, bhikkhus, is called lamentation.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ a·sātaṃ kāya·samphassa·jaṃ dukkhaṃ a·sātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.

And what, bhikkhus, is dukkha? Whatever, bhikkhus, bodily dukkha, bodily unpleasantness, dukkha engendered by bodily contact, unpleasant vedayitas: this, bhikkhus, is called dukkha.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ a·sātaṃ mano·samphassa·jaṃ dukkhaṃ a·sātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.

And what, bhikkhus, is domanassa? Whatever, bhikkhus, mental dukkha, mental unpleasantness, dukkha engendered by mental contact, unpleasant vedayitas: this, bhikkhus, is called domanassa.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññatar·aññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññatar·aññatarena dukkha·dhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.

And what, bhikkhus, is despair? In one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas, the trouble, the despair, the state of being in trouble, the state of being in despair: this, bhikkhus, is called despair.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, a·p·piyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti an·iṭṭhā a·kantā a·manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā pan·assa te honti an·attha·kāmā a·hita·kāmā a·phāsuka·kāmā a·yoga·k·khema·kāmā, yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, a·p·piyehi sampayogo dukkho.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of being associated with what is disagreeable? Here, as to the forms, sounds, tastes, odors, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are which are unpleasing, not enjoyable, unpleasant, or else those who desire one's disadvantage, those who desire one's loss, those who desire one's discomfort, those who desire one's non-liberation from attachment, meeting, being associated, being together, encountering them: this, bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of being associated with what is disagreeable.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā pan·assa te honti attha·kāmā hita·kāmā phāsuka·kāmā yoga·k·khema·kāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñāti·sālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ a·saṅgati a·samāgamo a·samodhānaṃ a·missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of being dissociated from what is agreeable? Here, as to the forms, sounds, tastes, odors, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are which are pleasing, enjoyable, pleasant, or else those who desire one's advantage, those who desire one's benefit, those who desire one's comfort, those who desire one's liberation from attachment, not meeting, not being associated, not being together, not encountering them: this, bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of being dissociated from what is agreeable.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ? Jāti·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jāti·dhammā assāma na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of not getting what one wants? In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of being born, such a wish arises: "oh really, may there not be jāti for us, and really, may we not come to jāti." But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

Jarā·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jarā·dhammā assāma na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting old, such a wish arises: "oh really, may there not be jarā for us, and really, may we not come to jarā." But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

Byādhi·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na byādhi·dhammā assāma na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting sick, such a wish arises: "oh really, may there not be sickness for us, and really, may we not come to sickness." But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

Maraṇa·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇa·dhammā assāma na ca vata no maraṇa āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting old, such a wish arises: "oh really, may there not be maraṇa for us, and really, may we not come to maraṇa." But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

Soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·upāyāsa·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·upāyāsa·dhammā assāma na ca vata no soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·upāyāsa·dhammā āgaccheyyuṃ’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and distress, such a wish arises: "oh really, may there not be sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and distress for us, and really, may we not come to sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and distress." But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañc·upādāna·k·khandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ: rūp·upādānakkhandho vedan·upādānakkhandho saññ·upādānakkhandho saṅkhār·upādānakkhandho viññāṇ·upādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañc·upādāna·k·khandhā dukkhā.

And what, bhikkhus, are in short the five upādānakkhandhas? They are: the rūpa upādānakkhandha, the vedanā upādānakkhandha, the saññā upādānakkhandha, the saṅkhāra upādānakkhandha, the viññāṇa upādānakkhandha. These are called in short, bhikkhus, the five upādānakkhandhas.

Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkha ariyasacca

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkha·samudayaṃ ariya·saccaṃ? Y·āyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandi·rāga·sahagatā tatra·tatr·ābhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā, vibhava-taṇhā. Sā kho pan·esā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha nivisamānā nivisati? Yaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? It is this taṇhā leading to rebirth, connected with desire and enjoyment, finding delight here or there, that is to say: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā and vibhava-taṇhā. But this taṇhā, bhikkhus, when arising, where does it arise, and when settling [itself], where does it settle? In that in the world which seems pleasant and agreeable, that is where taṇhā, when arising, arises, where when settling, it settles.

Kiñca loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ? Cakkhu loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghānaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kayo loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Mano loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

And what in the world is pleasant and agreeable? The eye in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The ear in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The nose in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The tongue in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Kāya in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Rūpā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

Visible forms in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Sounds in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Smells in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Tastes in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Bodily phenomena in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Dhammas in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Cakkhu·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sota·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghāna·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhā·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kāya·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Mano·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The eye-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The ear-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The nose-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The tongue-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Kāya-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Cakkhu·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sota·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghāna·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhā·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kāya·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Mano·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The eye-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Kāya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Cakkhu·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sota·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghāna·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhā·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kāya·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Mano·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The vedanā born of eye-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of kāya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Rūpā·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sadda·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandha·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasa·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabba·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhamma·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The saññā of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saññā of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saññā of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saññā of tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saññā of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saññā of Dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Rūpā·sañcetanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sadda·sañcetanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandha·sañcetanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasa·sañcetanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabba·sañcetanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhamma·sañcetanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The intention [related to] visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The intention [related to] sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The intention [related to] odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The intention [related to] tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The intention [related to] bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The intention [related to] dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Rūpā·taṇhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sadda·taṇhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandha·taṇhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasa·taṇhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabba·taṇhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhamma·taṇhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The taṇhā for visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taṇhā for sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taṇhā for odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taṇhā for tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taṇhā for bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taṇhā for dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Rūpā·vitakko loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sadda·vitakko loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandha·vitakko loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasa·vitakko loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabba·vitakko loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhamma·vitakko loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The vitakka of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vitakka of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vitakka of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vitakka of tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vitakka of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vitakka of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

Rūpā·vicāro loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sadda·vicāro loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandha·vicāro loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasa·vicāro loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabba·vicāro loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhamma·vicāro loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkha·samudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

The vicāra of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkha·samudaya ariyasacca.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkha·nirodhaṃ ariya·saccaṃ? Yo tassā-y·eva taṇhāya asesa-virāga-nirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo. Sā kho pan·esā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha pahīyamānā pahīyati, kattha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati? Yaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? It is this taṇhā leading to rebirth, connected with desire and enjoyment, finding delight here or there, that is to say: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā and vibhava-taṇhā. But this taṇhā, bhikkhus, when abandoned, where is it abandoned, and when ceasing, where does it cease? In that in the world which seems pleasant and agreeable, that is where taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, where when ceasing, it ceases.

Kiñca loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ? Cakkhu loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghānaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kayo loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Mano loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

And what in the world is pleasant and agreeable? The eye in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The ear in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The nose in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The tongue in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Kāya in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Mana in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

Rūpā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

Visible forms in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Sounds in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Smells in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Tastes in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Bodily phenomena in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Dhammas in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

Cakkhu·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sota·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghāna·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhā·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāya·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Mano·viññāṇaṃ loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The eye-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The ear-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The nose-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The tongue-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Kāya-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Mana-viññāṇa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

Cakkhu·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sota·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghāna·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhā·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāya·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Mano·samphasso loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The eye-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Kāya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

Cakkhu·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sota·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghāna·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhā·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāya·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Mano·samphassa·jā vedanā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The vedanā born of eye-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of kāya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taṇhā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

Rūpā·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sadda·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandha·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasa·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabba·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhamma·saññā loke piya·rūpaṃ sāta·rūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.