Ariya Silakkhandha

Ariya Sīlakkhandha

— The noble aggregate of virtue —
[ariya sīla+khandha]

This set of instructions has the same role in the Sekha Paṭipadā as Sīlasampatti. The present set might have been an earlier version, an attempt to summarize the rules that apply to the bhikkhus, which may have become too lengthy as the rules grew in number, and would have been replaced by that more concise and precise formula which refers directly to the Pātimokkha. Alternatively, this set of instructions might have been used when the interlocutor was not knowledgeable about the Pātimokkha. The first seven formulae can be recognized as a version of the bodily and vocal kusala-kammapathas.

Note: info·bubbles on all words

Pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihita·daṇḍo nihita·sattho, lajjī dayāpanno, sabba·pāṇa·bhūta·hitānukampī viharati.

Having abandoned pāṇātipāta, he abstains from pāṇātipāta, having laid down the stick, having laid down weapons, he remains conscientious,{1} merciful, friendly and compassionate towards all living beings.

Pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya	Having abandoned pāṇātipāta,
pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti	he abstains from pāṇātipāta,
nihita·daṇḍo nihita·sattho,	having laid down the stick, having laid down weapons,
lajjī dayāpanno,	{he remains} conscientious,{1} merciful,
sabba·pāṇa·bhūta·hitānukampī {viharati}.	friendly and compassionate towards all living beings.

Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinn·ādāyī dinna·pāṭikaṅkhī. Athenena suci·bhūtena attanā viharati.{2}

Having abandoned adinnādāna, he abstains from adinnādāna, taking [only] what is given, expecting [only] what is given. He lives openly, having himself become pure.{2}

Adinnādānaṃ pahāya	Having abandoned adinnādāna,
adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti	he abstains from adinnādāna,
dinn·ādāyī dinna·pāṭikaṅkhī.	taking [only] what is given, expecting [only] what is given.
Athenena suci·bhūtena attanā viharati.{2}	He lives openly, having himself become pure.{2}

Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī hoti ārā-cārī virato methunā gāma·dhammā.{3}

Having abandoned the a-brahmacariya, he is one who leads the brahmacariya, remaining distant, abstaining from sexual intercourse, [which belongs to] the village.{3}

Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya	Having abandoned the a-brahmacariya,
brahmacārī hoti ārā-cārī	he is one who leads the brahmacariya, remaining distant,
virato methunā gāma·dhammā.{3}	abstaining from sexual intercourse, [which belongs to] the village.{3}

Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti sacca·vādī sacca·sandho theto paccayiko a·visaṃvādako lokassa.

Having abandoned musāvāda, he is one who abstains from musāvāda, one who speaks the truth, adhering to the truth, reliable, trustworthy, not a deceiver of the world.

Musāvādaṃ pahāya	Having abandoned musāvāda,
musāvādā paṭivirato hoti	he is one who abstains from musāvāda,
sacca·vādī sacca·sandho	one who speaks the truth, adhering to the truth,
theto paccayiko a·visaṃvādako lokassa.	reliable, trustworthy, not a deceiver of the world.

Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti na ito sutvā amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, na amutra vā sutvā imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā samagg·ārāmo samagga·rato samagga·nandī samagga·karaṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.

Having abandoned pisuṇa vāca, he abstains from pisuṇa vāca, he doesn't tell there what he has heard here, because of which [there would be] disunion, nor does he tell here what he has heard there, because of which [there would be] disunion. Thus, conciliating those who are disunited or further harmonizing those who are united, delighting in concord, devoted to concord, gladdened by concord, he speaks words that create concord.

Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya,	Having abandoned pisuṇa vāca,
pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti	he abstains from pisuṇa vāca,
na ito sutvā amutra akkhātā	he doesn't tell there what he has heard here,
imesaṃ bhedāya,	because of which [there would be] disunion,
na amutra vā sutvā imesaṃ akkhātā	nor does he tell here what he has heard there,
amūsaṃ bhedāya.	because of which [there would be] disunion.
Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā	Thus, conciliating those who are disunited
sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā	or further harmonizing those who are united,
samagg·ārāmo samagga·rato samagga·nandī	delighting in concord, devoted to concord, gladdened by concord,
samagga·karaṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.	he speaks words that create concord.

Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti. Yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇa·sukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujana·kantā bahujana·manāpā, tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.

Having abandoned pharusa vāca , he abstains from pharusa vāca. He speaks such words which are pleasant to the ear kind, going to the heart, polite, which are pleasing to most people, enjoyable to most people.

Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya,	Having abandoned pharusa vāca ,
pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti.	he abstains from pharusa vāca.
Yā sā vācā nelā	The words which are
kaṇṇa·sukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī	pleasant to the ear kind, going to the heart, polite,
bahujana·manāpā, bahujana·kantā	which are pleasing to most people, enjoyable to most people.
tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.	[it is] such words that he speaks.

Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, kāla·vādī bhūta·vādī attha·vādī dhamma·vādī vinaya·vādī; nidhāna·vatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyanta·vatiṃ attha·saṃhitaṃ.

Having abandoned samphappalāpa, he abstains from samphappalāpa, speaking at the proper time, speaking of what is actual, speaking of what is profitable, speaking of the Dhamma, speaking of the Vinaya; he speaks at the right time words [which are] worth keeping [in mind], reasonable, moderate, related to what is profitable.

Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya,	Having abandoned samphappalāpa,
samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, kāla·vādī	he abstains from samphappalāpa, speaking at the proper time,
bhūta·vādī attha·vādī	speaking of what is actual, speaking of what is profitable,
dhamma·vādī vinaya·vādī;	speaking of the Dhamma, speaking of the Vinaya;
nidhāna·vatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti kālena	he speaks at the right time words [which are] worth keeping [in mind],
sāpadesaṃ pariyanta·vatiṃ attha·saṃhitaṃ.	reasonable, moderate, related to what is profitable.

So bījagāma·bhūtagāma·samārambhā paṭivirato hoti,	He abstains from damaging seeds and plants,
eka·bhattiko hoti	he practices [eating] once,
ratt·ūparato,	abstaining from [food] at night,
virato vikāla·bhojanā,	abstaining from meals outside the proper time,
nacca·gīta·vādita·visūka·dassanā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from dancing, singing, and attending music and shows,

mālā·gandha·vilepana·dhāraṇa·maṇḍana·vibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti,

he abstains from wearing garlands, perfumes, cosmetics, ornaments and decorations,

uccā·sayana·mahā·sayanā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from high beds and great beds,
jātarūpa·rajata·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting gold and silver,
āmaka-dhañña·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting raw grain,
āmaka-maṃsa·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting raw meat,
itthi·kumārika·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting women and girls,
dāsi·dāsa·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting women and men slaves,
ajeḷaka·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting goats and sheep,
kukkuṭa·sūkara·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting fowls and pigs,
hatthi·gav·āssa·vaḷavā·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting elephants, cattle, horses and mares,
khetta·vatthu·paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from accepting fields and properties,

dūteyya·pahiṇagaman·ānuyogā paṭivirato hoti,

he abstains from getting involved in going on errand and running messages,

kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from buying and selling,
tulākūṭa·kaṃsakūṭa·mānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from false wheighing, false metals and false measures,
ukkoṭana·vañcana·nikati·sāciyogā paṭivirato hoti,	he abstains from bribery, fraud, cheating and trickery,

chedana·vadhabandhana·viparāmosa·ālopa·sahasākārā paṭivirato hoti.

he abstains from mutilating, flogging and binding, highway robbery, plunder and violence.

So santuṭṭho hoti kāya·parihārikena cīvarena	He is content with the robes to protect the body,
kucchi·parihārikena piṇḍapātena.	with the piṇḍapāta to sustain the stomach.
So yena yen·eva pakkamati	Wherever he goes,
samādāy·eva pakkamati.	he goes taking with himself only these.
Seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo	Just as the bird named pakkhī
yena yen·eva ḍeti	wherever it flies,
sapattabhāro·va ḍeti,	it flies witht its wings as its only burden,
evameva bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti	even so, a bhikkhu is content
kāya·parihārikena cīvarena	with the robes to protect the body,
kucchi·parihārikena piṇḍapātena.	with the piṇḍapāta to sustain the stomach.
So yena yen·eva pakkamati	Wherever he goes,
samādāy·eva pakkamati.	he goes taking with himself only these.

So iminā ariyena sīla-k'khandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajja·sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.

Endowed with this noble aggregate of sīla, he feels inside a blameless sukha.

{So} iminā ariyena sīla-k'khandhena samannāgato	Endowed with this noble aggregate of sīla,
ajjhattaṃ anavajja·sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.	{he} feels inside a blameless sukha.